步行、驴、马、玩笑 on ，cab ，carriage用 in

    例：On foot 步行； on horse 骑马； on donkey骑驴。

    He rode on， blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马，鲜血从腰部流下
来。

    The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day
in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行
百里。

    Go on horse back！骑马去！

    You are having me on！你和我开玩笑呢！

    in cab和 in carriage不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage.

    at山脚、门口在当前，速、温、日落价核心

    即在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在…
…核心要用at.

    例：At the foot of the mountain ， there are thirty of our comrades.
在山脚下，有我们30个同志。

    There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一个美丽
的湖。

    At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.
门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。

    Who's standing there at the door？谁站在门口？

    I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。

    He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。

    The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50公里。

    We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost. 我们以最低的投资，
最高的速度修建了该工厂。

    at home 在国内，在家里at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度at minus
ten degrees centigrade摄氏零下10度Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在
摄氏零度结冰。

    Water usually boils at 100°。水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。

    at zero 在零度at full speed 全速at a good price 高价at a low cost
低成本at a great cost 花了很大代价at that time在当时Evaporation takes
place at all temperatures.蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。

    at 1000 RPM （revolution per minute ）每分钟1000转at a high speed
高速

    The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 战士们在
日落时对敌人发起了攻击。

    at daybreak 日出时The force at the core leading our cause forward
is the Chinese Communist Party. 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。

    The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。

    At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was
very strict with us.这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。

    以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress
of the People's Republic of China.在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大
会第一次会议上。

    常用的 at 短语有：

    at first首先，开始时at least至少at all events 无论如何at home 在家，
无拘束at one stroke 一下子at a loss 不知怎办at any rate 不管怎样at length
详细地be at high tide 处于高潮期at our invitation 应我们的邀请at our request
应我们的请求at the news 听到这消息at the risk of冒……危险at a great expense
以巨大费用at a stroke 一举at intervals of 每隔at liberty有权，随意at the
sight of一见到at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到at the
speed of以……速度at the cost （price ） of 以……为代价at leisure闲着、
失业at the disposal of任凭……使用at stake在危险中、在成败关头at bottom
实际上、本质上at short notice 一得到通知at seeing us看到我们at the happy
tidings 听到喜讯at sixteen在16岁时at the present stage在现阶段at the weekend
周末at all times永远at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405 号

    工具、同、和、随 with ，具有，独立、就、原因

    例：We write with ball pens.我们用油笔写字。（工具）

    但 He write in blue ink.他用蓝水笔写字（墨水用 in 不用 with ）

    Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理论必须同实践相结合。
（同）

    He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。（同）

    I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。

    We must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。（同）

    We， as human beings are going to leave ， but friendship has taken
roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours.我们虽然就要走了，
但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根，我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。（和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。

    I'm with you. 我同意你。

    An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope. 原子太
小，即使用显微镜也看不见它。（工具）

    In the past I had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。
（和）

    The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社会主
义革命日益深入。（随着）

    They sail with the wind.他们顺风航行。（随着）

    With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has
to be transformed too.随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改变。（随着）

    With the battle of Waterloo ， Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.
滑铁卢一战，拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。

    The modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业。

    She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in
a family way， = She is pregnant（in pregnancy）。她怀孕了。（有）

    但She is with a child.意为：“她领着一个孩子。”

    China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠
久的大国。（具有）

    China is a country with a population of ten billion people. 中国是
一个有10亿人口的国家。（具有）

    What is the matter with you ？怎么回事？（就，关于）

    How is it with you？你怎么啦？（就，关于）

    Everything was going well with them.他们一切都进行得很顺利。（就…
…）

    It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.由于
聚集了大量的能，所以闪光非常强烈。（独立结构）

    注；即分词独立主格结构用 with.

    With a new welding technique introduced ， the use of stainless steel
was no longer limited to making small things only.由于新的焊接技术的引
进，不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。（独立结构）

    With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed
very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.由于激光的
光束同步，所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。（独立结构）

    Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change
from one state into another.没有温度或压力的变化，物质永远不能以一种状
态变到另一种状态。（独立结构）

    The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发
抖。（原因）

    My wife's hands were rough with work. 我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。
（原因）。

    With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice
of America and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同学的录音机，我每天收听美国之
音和B.B.C.（原因）

    With television ， we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen
sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因为有了电视，
我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目，而不必去影院、戏院了。（原因）

    就……来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分

    这里的 with 后边的宾语常译成主语。

    例：How are the things with you ？你情况怎样？

    What's wrong with your eyes ？你的眼睛怎么啦？

    Something is wrong with my hands. 我手出点毛病。

    Everything was going well with them.他们一切都进行得很顺利。

    Parents must be strict with their children. 父母对子女要严格。（对）

    The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位医生对患者非常耐
心。（对）

    I'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我对你的回答很满意。（对）

    Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated
areas.许多带有革命倾向的知识分子都投奔解放区了。（有）

    These apartment houses are for workers with families. 这些住宅楼是
给有家属的工人盖的。

    He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他两手交叉在胸前坐
在椅子上。（状语）独立结构They are highly mechanized farms， with machinery
to do all the work. 它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。（状
语）独立结构上两句是 with 引出的复合结构。

    I will be with you again in half an hour. 过半个钟头我还会跟你们在
一起的。（with的介词短语作表语。另注意 in 将来时态 in 以后）

    Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four
during the cultural revolution. 我们是非常同情“文革”中被“四人帮”迫
害的青年学生的。（with的介词短语作表语）。

    海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by ，单数人类 known to man

    例： by land（air ， sea， water， bus）陆路（航空，水陆，水路，乘
公共汽车）

    by micro bus坐小面包车（微型汽车）

    by mini bus 坐小面包车by train坐火车by trolley bus坐无轨电车by tram
坐有轨电车by bike 骑自行车by motor car骑摩托车by tube 坐地铁by airbus
坐大型客机（空中汽车〕by jeep 坐吉普车by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，
无意中by virtue of靠、由于by leaps and bounds 大幅度地by way of 经由by
the book按常规

    The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book. 偶然
的发现可以写一本很厚的书。（偶然）

    The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. 相对论是爱因斯坦
创立的。（被动）

    The book was written by Mr. Zhang.这本书是张先生写的。（被动）

    That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space
is known to man. 1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。

    这里用 to man 而不用 by.即当单数又无冠词的 man和 known搭配时，表示
人类不用 by.